Sleeve Gastrectomy

Sleeve gastrectomy, also known as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), is a widely performed restrictive bariatric surgery aimed at helping individuals with severe obesity lose weight and improve obesity-related health conditions. It involves permanently removing approximately 75–80% of the stomach, leaving behind a narrow, tube-like “sleeve” that limits food intake and promotes early satiety.

This procedure not only restricts the volume of food that can be consumed but also significantly reduces levels of ghrelin, the hunger hormone produced in the part of the stomach that is removed. As a result, patients typically experience a substantial decrease in appetite, which aids in long-term weight loss. Unlike gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy does not involve rerouting the intestines, which means fewer issues with nutrient malabsorption.

Patients often lose about 50–70% of their excess weight within the first 12 to 18 months after surgery. Sleeve gastrectomy has also shown positive effects on conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and high cholesterol. Because of its effectiveness and relatively lower complexity, it has become one of the most commonly performed weight-loss surgeries worldwide.

Despite its benefits, sleeve gastrectomy is not without risks. Potential complications include leakage along the staple line, bleeding, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and long-term vitamin or mineral deficiencies. To ensure long-term success, patients must adhere to permanent lifestyle changes, including healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, and lifelong medical follow-up.